Advancing Australia for 30 years

The royal travelling sideshow rolled into Brisbane on Saturday, 19 April but there were other receptions and celebrations happening on this day that deserve much more recognition.

Thank goodness, on Saturday, 19 April I flew north from Brisbane to Townsville to celebrate my parent’s 50^th wedding anniversary with our gathered clan. After our own exclusive reception, we took a stroll along The Strand, rather than a mere 100 metres at South Bank. Let’s face it, 50 years of marriage deserved more recognition than the grand-descendants of our head of state happening to be in town. However, 19 April was also the 30th anniversary of Australia finally getting a national anthem of our own, when Advance Australia Fair replaced the use of the British anthem. It’s rather ironic, in a way, that the anniversary of the removal of the British anthem occurred on the same day British royalty returned to Brisbane (albeit briefly).

Advance Australia Fair was adopted as the national anthem for the second time thirty years ago on 19 April 1984 by Bob Hawke’s Labor Government. It had first been chosen by the Whitlam Government in 1974 and later rejected by the Fraser Government. Previous to this, the Australian national anthem was “God Save the Queen”. Like many things, it took a second attempt before the reform took hold.

In 1973, a competition was held for a distinctively Australian national anthem. The Australian National Anthem Quest was run in two stages by the Australia Council for the Arts. The first stage for lyrics attracted more than 1,400 entries. The second stage for music received 1200 entries. A prize of $5,000 was offered for each stage. However, the judges decided the entries did not meet the high standards of Australia’s traditional songs Advance Australia Fair, Waltzing Matilda and Song of Australia. The Australia Council for the Arts recommended the final choice for the national anthem should be made from these three songs.

The Bureau of Statistics ran a national poll of 60,000 people. Advance Australia Fair was favoured by 51.4% of people surveyed, followed by Waltzing Matilda at 19.6%. But the decision did not stick. A change of government brought God Save the Queen back into use.

In May 1977, the Fraser Liberal Government had the Australian Electoral Office conduct a poll, or plebiscite for the national anthem in conjunction with a referendum. Advance Australia Fair was the clear favourite with 43.3% of the vote, ahead of Waltzing Matilda with 28.3%, and God Save the Queen at 18.8%, and Song of Australia on 9.6%.

Yet even that overwhelming vote did not see an Australian anthem restored — until 19 April 1984.

Just why Australian governments are so slow to assert Australian independence is hard to fathom. There was no popular mandate for God Save the Queen, just as there is no popular mandate any more for the constitutional link to the British monarchy. But time will catch up with even the slowest urge to reform.
Australia is now in every sense a nation, with our Parliament fully in control of our affairs at least since the Australia Act of 1986, when the ability of the UK Parliament at Westminster to legislate for us was finally ended, as was legal appeals to the Privy Council in Westminster.

One reform remains.

We need our own head of state — someone who represents us, our national values, character and identity. The Queen does this for the UK, but that is her full time job and she can’t ever hope to truly represent modern Australia.

And neither will her heirs, even if they so wanted to.

The public repudiation of Tony Abbott’s knights and dames decision showed that Australia has moved on from the old colonial way of thinking. So, amongst the media fawning and frenzy over visiting British celebrities, don’t mistake goodwill for the cringe of earlier decades. As ARM national director David Morris wrote in a media release this week:

‘Australia has moved on from the old colonial cringe. We can of course have affection for Britain and its celebrity Royals, but affection does not mean allegiance.’

The royals represent Britain, but cannot represent us or unite us as Australians.

We can of course have goodwill for Britain and its celebrity Royals, but we have our own identity as Australians. Australians believe in freedom and equal opportunity — not that some are born to rule over others.

Australians do not want to turn the clock back to the days of the cultural cringe — the days when we were defined by our allegiance to the British monarchy. Those days are long gone. Australia today is one of the world’s great nations with a bright future that must be 100 per cent in the hands of the Australian people.

We are ready to move on from our colonial past and become a fully independent nation with fully Australian national institutions, including our own head of state and our own national honours system. Our national institutions should be in the name of the Australian people — not someone on the other side of the world.
Mr Morris continued:

‘The British Royals are welcome to visit as representatives of Britain. We look forward to the day when the British people and their Royal Family will warmly welcome a visit by the first Australian Head of State.’

It seems unimaginable today that Australia did not have its own national anthem until the 1980s. It will seem unimaginable to future generations that we delayed adopting our own head of state for so long after coming of age as a nation.

It will, likewise, take a second attempt to cut Australia’s final Constitutional link to the British monarchy, to reflect the full independence that Australians already feel in their hearts.

The question is not whether this will happen, but when.

Australia: a land now girt by 'sirs'

PM Tony Abbott has announced the return of knighthoods for Australians. For the first time since 1986, “pre-eminent” Australians will be honoured as Knights and Dames. Surely it is enough reference to Old England that we are girt by sea, let alone to be "girt by Sirs". 

HERE WE GO AGAIN.

It's the bunyip aristocracy continuing to chip away at modern Australia.

These monarchist teacup warriors are again recycling Australia back to a past that no longer reflects twenty-first century Australia.

It appears Tony Abbott has broken another promise. In December 2013, Abbott, the former director of Australians for a Constitutional Monarchy, had ruled out restoring the British tradition of knighthoods and dameships. Within three months he has done a complete about face and reintroduced an outdated and unwanted style of honour to Australia. The honour will be known as a knight or dame in the Order of Australia and will be the nation's highest award. At the time, the PM said he believed this was:

"... an important grace note in our national life."

Under the new system, the retiring Governor-General Quentin Bryce is to become the first dame and her successor, Peter Cosgrove, will become the first knight when he is sworn in on Friday, 28 March 2014. Abbott’s new system will have the Queen bestow up to four knights or dames per year on the recommendation of the prime minister to recognise extraordinary and pre-eminent Australians for their service to Australia or humanity.

It was Prime Minister Gough Whitlam who axed Knighthoods in 1975, only to watch Malcolm Fraser reinstate Knights and Dames a year later. Then, after the 1983 election, Prime Minister Bob Hawke abolished the category all over again. John Howard is understood to have rejected the idea of reinstating Knights and Dames on the grounds that the endless chopping and changing was undermining the dignity of the honour. Many of his advisers also believed the Liberal Party would be mocked and seen as out of touch with modern Australia. (Howard is reported today as saying he did not agree with the restoration of these titles and would be unlikely to accept one.)

The re-introduction of knighthoods follows another reversal of recent convention by Tony Abbott, when he abandoned the pledge of allegiance to Australia when he was sworn into office. On becoming Prime Minister, Mr Abbott pledged allegiance:

“... to her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth the second, Queen of Australia." Other recent Prime Ministers have pledged allegiance “... to Australia and its people.”

UMR asked, in a recent poll:

"...which do you prefer?"

It found 70-percent supported the pledge to Australia and its people, with only 20 per cent agreeing with Mr Abbott’s pledge to the Queen.

This is a peculiar announcement that couldn't be more out of step with the views of a proud and modern Australia. David Morris, national director of the Australian Republican Movement described the return of knighthoods as

“... turning the clock back to a colonial frame of mind that we had outgrown as a nation.”

If our identity today is Australian, then surely our national honours should be thoroughly Australian. It’s time to make the case for Australia to have a head of state that is one of our own — not someone from the other side of the world. We should be advocating a fully and unambiguously independent Australia, no knights or dames required.

Australians all let is rejoice 
For we are young and free 
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil 
Our land is girt by ‘sirs’

This is all so ridiculous!

Our Pledge – to a future Australian republic

On 31 January 2014, the twentieth anniversary of the Australian Citizenship Pledge, the Australian Republican Movement released a poll showing seven out of 10 Australians support pledging allegiance to Australia and its people, rather than to the Queen.

Citizenship is for all Australians. It is a commitment of loyalty to Australia and its people and their shared democratic beliefs, laws and rights. It is a bond uniting our culturally diverse society. On 26 January this year almost 18,000 people became Australian citizens - a record number.

The final stage in the process of becoming an Australian citizen is making the Australian Citizenship Pledge. It usually happens at a ceremony when new Australian citizens make a public pledge of their commitment to Australia. All new citizens have the choice of making the pledge with or without the words 'under God'.

From this time forward, under God

I pledge my loyalty to Australia and its people,

Whose democratic beliefs I share,
whose rights and liberties I respect, and
whose laws I uphold and obey.

Australia's three most recent Labor prime ministers - Paul Keating, Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard - all used similar words and swore allegiance to Australia and its people when they were sworn in. But Tony Abbott, an avowed monarchist, reverted to the previous pledge to the Queen, as did John Howard.

In late November and early December 2013, UMR and Essential Media surveyed 1000 voters who were told of the different pledges by Australia’s prime  ministers and asked “Which do you prefer?” The survey found 70% supported the pledge to Australia and its people, with only 19.5% agreeing with Prime Minister Tony Abbott’s pledge to the Queen. 10.5% were unsure.

Professor Geoff Gallop AC, Chair of the Australian Republican Movement, stated:

“The poll – and other recent UMR and Essential Media surveys which found a consistent 32% support for monarchy - confirms  monarchists represent a minority and that the celebrity treatment of monarchy has failed to translate into support for the retention of the monarchy in Australia. The Australian people are ahead of current political leaders on this issue and this poll shows Australians are ready to pledge allegiance to an Australian republic”.

On 26 January 1949, the legal concept of Australian citizenship was created with the enactment of the Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948, which was replaced by the Australian Citizenship Act 2007. Bolstering of Australia’s citizenship program in the

1990’s occurred first with the Australian Citizenship Amendment Act 1993, which incorporated a preamble into the Australian Citizenship Act 1948 to recognize that citizenship is a common bond of rights and responsibilities for all Australians, and replaced the oath of allegiance with a Pledge of Commitment.

On 31 January1994 a different pledge was introduced at Australian citizenship ceremonies that replaced the mandatory pledge of loyalty to the Queen. On the 20^th anniversary of the Australian Citizenship Pledge, Professor Gallop reflected:

“The monarchy is clearly no longer an institution that can unite Australians. It’s broken. The monarchy sits above our system of democratic government but cannot represent us, our identity or our values as a nation”.

In 2013 the Australian Republican Movement re-launched with a listening campaign across the country, asking people “What does it mean to be Australian?”

“The Australia we share is free, fair, multicultural – and only a republic can truly unite us around those values”, Professor Gallop said.

As the year progressed the ARM saw membership grow by 30 per cent, income double due to pledge and other donations, as well as fundraising efforts, a 300 per cent increase in online support and renewed interest from young people with republic clubs established at universities across Australia.

The ARM is asking Australians through its website and social media to sign up to the citizenship pledge and support a republic. It seems Australians want to pledge for Australia and not the Queen. It is only a republic that can truly unite the people of Australia.

Speculating on Australia's republican futures

The National Republican Short Story Competition ran from 2009 - 2013. The Australian Republican Movement is considering publishing an anthology of the winning entries and other republican speculative fiction short stories.

Australia's republican grassroots

Governor-General Quentin Bryce's republican vision of a future Australia has tapped into an on-going national conversation that is not going away. 

Governor-General Quentin Bryce

There has been significant support for Governor-General Quentin Bryce’s Back to Grassroots 2013 Boyer Lecture comment when she expressed that  “Perhaps one day, one young (Australian) girl or boy may even grow up to be our nation’s first Head of State.” 

When questioned about the Governor-General’s republican vision, Prime Minister Tony Abbott, a former National Director of Australians for Constitutional Monarch stated the Governor General is entitled to express her personal opinion. This position was also taken during 4BC Mornings, 25 November 2013 when Greg Cary spoke to Professor Geoff Gallop, Chair of the National Committee for the Australian Republican movement about the Governor General expressing her personal political views during her final Boyer lecture: 

“the so called politicisation of her views are a non-issue. It is always the right time to ask the questions on whether Australia should be a republic with our own head of state and to debate a good model for that.”

Peter Fitzsimon’s also argued in the Sydney Morning Herald, 24 November 2013 that this is

“no more than an honest statement of hope …these are no more '’political statements’' - as her predictable critics have cried - than it would be if she had expressed the hope that we can eradicate poverty. Can anyone really argue that Australia having an Australian head of state … is not an ideal?”

In the 1990s most Australians wanted to make the transition to a republic, but were divided on how to best select the Head of State and, in the absence of a proper process to resolve those differences, the referendum in 1999 was defeated 54.9% to 45.1%.

To resolve this, the Australian Republican Movement proposes that Australians first vote on the question: “should Australia become a republic?” After a successful vote on this issue, all Australians must then be given the right to choose from a range of selection methods for our next Head of State, generated through informed community discussion and proper democratic engagement.

The constitutional mechanism for a national vote is called a ‘plebiscite’. This is a term that is unfamiliar to many Australians as opposed to the more commonly understood ‘referendum’. Australians understand the purpose of a referendum is to vote on changing the Constitution because they have had 19 of them since Federation. However, there have only been two plebiscites since Federation (and they were nearly 100 years ago) and both are usually referred to as referendums. A plebiscite is a direct vote of all citizens on an important public question where they either accept or refuse a proposal whereas a referendum is a vote used to approve a change to the Australian Constitution. In Australia, a plebiscite (also known as an advisory referendum) is used to decide a national question that does not affect the Constitution. It can be used to test whether the government has sufficient support from the people to go ahead with a proposed action. Unlike a referendum, the decision reached in a plebiscite does not have any legal force.

Australia has only ever held two national plebiscites, on 28 October 1916 and 20 December 1917, which both relate to the introduction of conscription during the First World War. The 1916 Australian plebiscite was the first non-binding Australian plebiscite, and contained one question concerning military service. This plebiscite was held due to the Labor government's desire to conscript young Australian men for overseas service during World War 1. It was conducted under the Military Service Referendum Act 1916. It was a plebiscite rather than a referendum because the Australian government already had powers sufficient to introduce overseas conscription. The 1916 and 1917 conscription plebiscites are universally referred to as ‘conscription referendum’.

It was due to the controversial nature of the measure and a lack of clear parliamentary support that saw Prime Minister Billy Hughes take the issue to a public vote to obtain symbolic, rather than legal, sanction for the move. The plebiscite sparked a divisive debate that split the public and the Labor Party in the process, and resulted in a close but clear rejection of the measure. The 1916 and 1917 conscription plebiscites saw a defeat of a question that did not suit the majority view of national voters who supported a volunteer military defence force. This outcome was in opposition to the then Prime Minister’s campaigned stance.  

Polling conducted by the Australian Republican Movement on the Governor-General’s comment reveals:

Agree - 48%

Disagree - 32%

Unsure - 20%

The poll, conducted by UMR, 26 November-2 December 2013, found 65% were aware of the comment. The highest support for the Governor‐General’s comment, at 59%, was in the 60-69 year-old category, and support was also above 50% amongst 18-39 year-olds. This shows evidence of continued, significant support for a republic.

“We recognise the issue went quiet for a few years, which explains the high numbers who are ‘unsure’, but it’s time to engage everyone in the conversation and find out how we want to face the future as a nation”, Professor Gallop said.

Geoff Gallup stated in The Australian, 19 November 2013 that

 “all nations, whether big or small, need a vision of who they are and where they are; what they stand for and how they intend to project themselves.”

It’s time for us to have a national conversation about a step-by-step transition to a republic, so that our Head of State is one of us, an Australian, to represent our identity, our values and our nation.

With a monarchist current Prime Minister and significant support for Australia to become a republic from the Australian voters, a future republican national vote echoes of the 1916 & 1917 conscription referenda result with this time the national voters championing a virtuous cause against an unpopular Prime Minister.

“Perhaps one day” we will get back to grassroots as a nation and sort out once and for all the establishment of our own Head of State.

Don't let the Kiwis beat us to an Australian republic

On the 14^th anniversary of Australia’s republic referendum, New Zealand announced it is set to vote on becoming a republic on the death of the Queen.

(Modified image via Stuff.co.nz / Getty Images)

The New Zealand Labour Party voted at its annual conference last weekend to hold a referendum to become a republic on the death of the Queen and to have a New Zealander as their next Head of State.

This followed the comment by former NZ Prime Minister Helen Clark that it is "quaint" that New Zealand does not have a head of State of its own, which are being welcomed by the campaign for a New Zealand head of State.

Helen Clark is in her second term in charge of the United Nations Development Program. On 1 November 2013, after a meeting with Prince Charles (pictured above) to discuss sustainable development issues she stated:

"My view has always been that at some point, New Zealand will become a republic because the longer we go on not having a head of state in New Zealand itself, it becomes more quaint, if you like.”

A Herald on Sunday poll published on 27 January 2013 found only 1 in 3 New Zealanders wanted Prince Charles to become their head of State. The poll of 1,000 New Zealanders found 43.3% didn't want Charles, while 37.4% said they did. (The rest were undecided.)

New Zealand Republican Movement chair, Lewis Holden responded to Helen Clark’s statement:

"In her role at the UN, Helen probably gets to see a lot of the issues raised by our country not having a head of State of its own. At the same time, she acknowledges that the Royal family are fine servants and interested in global issues. That's great for them, but it's really only of benefit to the United Kingdom, because the Royals are, first and foremost, British and not Kiwis.”

ARM national director David Morris (left) with NZ Republican Movement chair Lewis Holden

David Morris, national director of the Australian Republican Movement, responded to the New Zealand labour conference vote by saying:

“In Australia we pride ourselves on our love of country and the fair go, but it just won’t be fair if the Kiwis beat us to full independence as a nation. Don’t let the Kiwis beat us to it. Let’s show the world we back Australia.”

Interestingly, it was two days before the 1981 Royal Wedding when the Australian Labor Party declared that Australia should become a republic. At the ALP National Conference in Melbourne, the word ‘republic’ was substituted for ‘nation’ when it endorsed a commitment for reform of the Australian Constitution.

The endorsement of a republic almost seemed to slip through the conference – the vote was 26 to 21 – partly as a result of apparent confusion on the part of the conference chairman, the New South Wales premier, Neville Wran. Wran, for some reason, failed to put to conference a procedural motion which would have deferred a vote on the republican issue until the 1982 conference.

Since then, it has always been ALP Policy to support the creation of an Australian republic. Now, the development of a clear party policy on a New Zealand head of State appears to be firmly on New Zealand Labour's agenda.

Surely, as we approach the end of the Queen’s reign, Aussies will want choice on who heads our nation. Meanwhile, tiny Grenada and Jamaica have signalled moves to become republics within the Commonwealth in coming years. If New Zealand joins them, almost all Commonwealth countries will then have become fully independent as republics before Australia.

C’mon Aussies, we can’t let the Kiwis beat us — not at the rugby, but in becoming a fully-fledged, independent nation.

Tony Abbott swears Australia back to the past

There’s been much controversy about PM Tony Abbott’s backward looking ministry, with only one woman and no science minister included. Overlooked by many was that even the oath he swore took Australia backwards.

Prime Minister Tony Abbott being congratulated by the Governor-General Quentin Bryce after he swore allegiance to her boss, the Queen, rather than to the people of Australia. (Image via The Australian)

On Wednesday, 18 September 2013 ‒ the newly minted Australian Prime Minister Abbott returned to the past by swearing allegiance to the Queen whereas both Prime Ministers Rudd and Gillard, on taking office, swore allegiance to Australia.

Responding to this, National Director of the Australian Republican Movement, David Morris, said in a statement:

‘Our elected representatives should swear allegiance solely to Australia, rather than loyalty to someone born to rule over an Empire long gone. We call upon all elected representatives to pledge 100% loyalty to Australia.’

Prime Ministers Rudd and Gillard, as mentioned above, swore allegiance to Australia.

Prime Minister Abbott followed his conservative predecessor, Prime Minister Howard, by swearing allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II at the official swearing in of the new Government in Canberra.

The ARM’s Morris stated:

‘This is looking backwards when Australia should be confidently facing the future …. It’s no longer appropriate in today’s Australia to have divided loyalties. Back in the early twentieth century, Australians were still called “British subjects” and many still sang “God Save the Queen” but no more. Today our loyalty and our identity is Australian, not colonial.

‘Australia should always come first for our elected representatives.

‘Our nation’s values are democratic, as evidenced by the recent elections for both houses of Parliament. To have an institution sitting above our Parliament, over which a foreign family is born to rule, is out of date with our identity as an independent nation.’

The Australian Republican Movement advocates a fully and unambiguously independent Australia.

It’s worth remembering that on 3 December 2007, one week after the election of the new Rudd Federal Labor government, a ‘very republican moment’ occurred when Kevin Rudd and his ministry swore an oath to

“…the Commonwealth of Australia, its land and its people.”

The significance of this moment was the new Federal ministers swore an Oath under Section 62 of the Australian Constitution to the people of Australia rather to Queen Elizabeth II, a foreign monarch.

When Kevin Rudd was sworn in as the 26th Prime Minister of Australia, wearing R.M. Williams boots and a grin as wide as the verandah of his suburban Brisbane Queenslander, he declared:

“I, Kevin Michael Rudd, do swear that I will well and truly serve the Commonwealth of Australia, her land and her people, in the office of the Prime Minister, so help me God.”

Taking the office of Prime Minister (Executive Councillor) involves swearing an Oath of Allegiance or Affirmation. However, under Section 62 of the Constitution, the form of the oath of office is not prescribed for a minister but by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Of course, the new Oath was given to the Governor-General on Rudd’s advice, yet he could not have technically given that advice until he became an Executive Councillor. No doubt, this advice was relayed earlier, perhaps through or with the approval of the caretaker, John Howard. In taking this Oath, Rudd acknowledged the republican ideal that ultimate political authority lays with ‘the land and the people’ of Australia rather than with the British monarch.

The Rudd Oath should not be confused with the Oath of Allegiance or Affirmation under Section 42 of the Constitution required to be made by a Member of Parliament or Senator before taking his or her seat.

Section 42 involves swearing or affirming to

‘…be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Her heirs and successors according to law.’

This Oath was also used for ministers until the Keating Labor government removed reference to the Sovereign. However, with the election of the Howard Liberal government in 1996, the Oath to the Queen was restored but without any reference to ‘Her heirs and successors’.

The real issue behind the question of the Oath of Allegiance or Affirmation concerns where political authority ultimately resides. Does it originate from the divine, from God or from ‘the land and the people’?

Henry Lawson portrait by Lionel Lindsay

Should Australian political authority continue to be derived from the British monarch and, ultimately, God — or should it be acknowledged that popular sovereignty resides in ‘the land and the people’ of Australia? This is a fundamental question for the republican debate.

Republicanism does not acknowledge God as the ultimate source of authority in our society, rather it is ‘the land and the people’.

In 1887, Henry Lawson wrote in his ‘Song of the Republic’:

Sons of the South, make choice between
the land of the morn and the land of the e’en,
the old dead tree and the young tree green,
the land that belongs to the lord and the Queen,
and the land that belongs to you.

Henry Lawson's, Song of the Republic

The ‘currency lads’ of the mid-nineteenth century would often use the toast ‘To the land, boys’.

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd appeared to have taken Henry Lawson’s advice and chosen “the land that belongs to you” over the land that belongs to the lord and Queen.

Prime Minister Gillard followed the lead set by Rudd, however Abbott has chosen to go back to the past where a foreign family born to rule over Australians is considered acceptable and, indeed, the normal state of affairs.

It is time all Australians advocated for a fully and unambiguously independent Australia.

The spirit of National Wattle Day

September 1 is ‘National Wattle Day’ — a time when the smells of Spring are in the air as well as Australia’s vivid gold blossom.

2013 is the centenary of the addition of a spray of wattle as the background feature to the Australian Coat of Arms. And today, 1 September 2013, is the 20^th anniversary of the Australian Republican Movement giving its support to ‘National Wattle Day’ celebrations throughout Australia.

Australians may have made a home for themselves amongst the gum trees, but it is the wattle tree that has found its way into Australian symbolism. It is a symbol that comes directly from our land. Wattle is Australian and represents us all. Unlike other national days, ‘National Wattle Day’ excludes no one. Like our people, wattle has great diversity (with nearly 1,000 species) and resilience. It is a unifying symbol for all Australians. There is no other symbol that says so much about us and our land.

‘National Wattle Day’ is celebrated annually on the first day of Spring, when a sprig of Australia’s official national floral emblem, the Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha is traditionally worn. Australian Olympic athletes wear wattle inspired green and gold uniforms. Governor General Sir William Deane took wattle blossoms to Switzerland to commemorate young Australians who died there and Prime Minister John Howard wore sprigs of wattle at ceremonies after the Bali bombings.

The green and gold of the Golden Wattle leaves and blossoms were declared national colours in 1984 and in 1988 the wattle was adopted as the official national flower.

The 1^st of September 1992 was formally declared as ‘National Wattle Day’ by then Minister for the Environment, Ros Kelly, and on 1 September 1993, the Australian Republican Movement gave its support to Wattle Day celebrations.

Wattle celebrations first arose as occasions when earlier generations of Australians stood up and said:

“I am from this land. This place is home.”

Like the Southern Cross, the appeal of the wattle is not first and foremost to the idea of the nation — but to the idea of place. ‘National Wattle Day’ captures something crucial to the success of the republic — a feeling for country and a spirit of place. It is from this sense of place that the spirit of the future republic will emerge.

The first known use of wattle as a meaningful emblem in the Australian colonies was in Hobart Town in 1838, when a resident suggested wearing a sprig of wattle to celebrate the golden jubilee of the landing at Sydney Cove. There was, in this seemingly small gesture, a suggestion of an independent Australia.

At a regatta in 1842 to mark the anniversary of Tasman’s discovery of Van Diemen’s Land, many of the celebrant’s again wore a sprig of wattle.

The Golden Wattle was the first symbol of the Adelaide Australian Natives’ Association’s ‘Wattle Blossom League’. On Foundation Day, 26 January 1891, the Adelaide ANA represented itself with a Wattle Blossom Banner embroidered with Golden Wattle by its ladies’ branch.

But it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that an official Wattle Day was proclaimed after a suggestion made by the naturalist Archibald Campbell in Sydney. Campbell’s suggestion led to a meeting to form a Wattle Day League which coordinated the states into celebrating the first Wattle Day on 1 September 1910. The Wattle Day League was a patriotic society in the vein of the Australian Natives’ Association. The day was a celebration of the unique land, people and institutions of Australia, and was marked in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney with activities including the planting of wattle trees in the school grounds, decorating public sites with wattle and wearing wattle.

At the time the Sydney Morning Herald wrote:

“To the native born Australian the wattle stands for home, country, kindred, sunshine and love — every instinct that the heart deeply enshrines.”

The celebration of the day continued until the beginning of the First World War.

Wattle first appeared on Australia’s Coat of Arms 100 years ago when the Andrew Fisher had taken a keen interest in the complex question of national identity and set about to ‘Australianise’ our government system and national symbols. Home-grown symbols, he knew in his heart, were essential for a nation so young.
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette of 18 January 1913 promulgated a new Coat of Arms for Australia.  During 1911 and 1912, Labor Prime Minister

Among the significant changes made in the 1913 Coat of Arms was the inclusion of a spray of wattle as a background feature and a Federation Star, and instead of a shield displaying the English cross of St George, there was one showing the emblems of the six states.

Wattle Day Association President, Terry Fewtrell stated:

“It is all the more appropriate that Wattle is the background of our national Coat of Arms, as it has been here for millennia. Wattle has welcomed us all – indigenous, colonial and modern day immigrants.”

Wattle has been the great witness to the entire Australian story.

‘National Wattle Day’ is about land and people. Wattle is the blaze of colour that paints Australia’s landscape every year. It is the gold that blends with the eucalypt green to form the green and gold around which Australians so willingly unite. Because wattle springs organically from the land it bonds Australians as a people to the land. As a living expression of land, wattle links us to the earliest occupation of the Australian continent. Indigenous Australians used wattle for thousands of years as a season marker (a sign that the whales were coming), as a source of food, and the raw material of hunting and sound instruments. This is part of wattle’s wonderful heritage as a unifying symbol of land, people and the nation — a symbol that has no unpleasant baggage.

Wattle is a broad and inclusive symbol. It grows in all parts of Australia, differing varieties flowering throughout the year. It links all Australians, from the first to the newest at citizenship ceremonies. It touches all levels of society, from very early pioneers and World War 1 diggers (buried with a customary sprig of wattle) to victims of the Bali bombings and the nation’s best who are honoured with Order of Australia awards with insignia designed around the wattle flower.

The wattle flower symbolises an egalitarian, classless, free citizenry. The democracy of wattles – the fact that they grow in all states – was the overpowering reason why the wattle and not the waratah was chosen as the floral emblem in the early twentieth century. In September 1981, historian Manning Clark wrote in the Sydney Morning Herald:

“I love the spring. It means the wattle comes out again. It is a symbol of everything one loves about Australia and the ideal of the uniqueness of Australia. To me every spring holds out the hope that it won’t be long before Australia is completely independent [but I also] share Henry Lawson’s view that blood should never stain the wattle.”

In other words, independence of course, but peacefully achieved.

Wattle is a metaphor for innocence and hope, the constant promise of rebirth, that simple and powerful beauty of the wattle flower — indigenous, Australian, unsullied by the memory of war and destruction. So, when the blaze of wattle lights up the Australian landscape each year, let’s all remember that the wattle is a symbol of our land that unites us all.

No place for Princes in modern Australia

Yet again, monarchists are up in arms after the Duke of Edinburgh Awards have removed Prince Philip’s monogram from all their logos.

Prince Philip's logo - gone

IN AN EFFORT to maintain relevance with the youth of Australia the Duke of Edinburgh Awards have removed Prince Philip’s monogram from all of their logos and replaced it with the strongest symbol of popular sovereignty, the shape of the Australian continent.

Again, the Chicken Little’s in the monarchist coop are again crying foul and ‘republicanism by stealth’. They’re running around − again − clucking that the sky will fall in.

Why?

Because the Duke of Edinburgh Awards in Australia have removed Prince Philip’s royal monogram from all of their logos and replaced it with the strongest symbol of popular sovereignty — the shape of the Australian continent.

The removal of Prince Philip’s monogram follows on the heels of the removal in 2012 of the oath to the Queen by Girl Guides Australia something Scouts Australia had done over ten years ago. It appears the youth movements of Australia understand that, to increase membership, they have to appeal to multicultural Australia rather than a by-gone British Australia. Overt symbols of royalty have no place in twenty-first century Australia and perhaps nor do any references to the British crown.

On 1 September 1956, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh and husband of the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II helped to found the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award (commonly abbreviated DofE),  in order to give young people “a sense of responsibility to themselves and their communities”.
It is an award given for completing a program of activities: volunteering service to individuals or the community; improving physical activities; developing practical and social skills and personal interests; and planning, training for and completion of an adventurous journey. This can be undertaken by anyone aged 14 to 24.

Over 57 years, the DofE has spread to all Commonwealth countries. However, Australia is the only country where Prince Philip’s monogram has been removed from the award’s logo. If it was in preparation for his inevitable demise – at 92 he may not be long for this world – then this is not necessary, as succession planning appears to be in place, with his son, Prince Edward, taking a keen interest in the organisation. And even if this was true, then why has no other Commonwealth country followed suit? It’s more likely the DofE people have looked at the same membership rate projections as the Girl Guides and realised that, to remain relevant and viable in an Australian setting,, they must become multicultural with a focus on service to this country.

On a separate, but related, note, I’ve recently come to realise my own republicanism may be partly founded in my family’s strong scouting tradition. My mother was a cub Scout leader for over 20 years and my father celebrates, in 2013, his 60^th year in the Scout Movement.

Don Davies

For 50 years, my father has served as a Scout Leader in both Townsville and Charters Towers. Having joined Cutheringa Scout Group, Townsville, as a boy in 1953 he passed through the Senior Scout and Rover ranks before becoming a Rover Leader and a Scout Leader in Townsville. When he and my mother relocated to Charters Towers in 1973 he immediately transferred his energies to the Richmond Hill Scout Group. He had no idea, at the time, he would still be involved in the Scout movement 40 years later. When asked what his ongoing motivation was as a Scout leader he reflected:

“Service is the scouting motto, service to family, to friends, the community and country. Service is the price we pay for our time on Earth.”

Lord Robert Baden-Powell

Growing up in a north Queensland Scouting family, the concepts of active and informed citizenship and service to your community and country were instilled in me and my brothers from a very young age.

However there was never any talk of loyalty to the Queen. The “duty to the Queen” reference in the Scout Promise was never emphasised. In fact, it was almost a no-go area. Ironically I think I may have grown up in a republican Scouting family. Not in any overt way but through an emphasis on service to your own community and country.

My father and all the other Scout movement leaders I remember growing up in the 1970s and 1980s were all men skilled in bush craft with a strong sense of community service. Although I do recall a print of a young Queen Elizabeth II on a horse above the Scout Hut door, there were never any discussions about fealty to the British monarch. Even mentions of Lord Baden-Powell and the beginnings of Scouting were rare. For these men, their focus appeared more with the boys of their community and service to their country. Flowing through them was a strong Australian nationalism founded in a love of the Australian bush not for a Queen ‘over the seas’.

Over the years, my father has seen a lot of changes in the Scout movement, including opening up membership to girls as well as boys and changes in uniform.

In the early 2000s, Scouts Australia made a conscious effort to modernise the Scout movement by scrapping its khaki uniform in favour of navy blue shorts and hat. This was based on research that the Scout movement was seen as militaristic and this was maybe something that was stopping kids either joining Scouts or staying in Scouts. The uniform change worked as Scout numbers around Australia have risen since then.

Richard Miller, Scouts Australia

Since the publication of Scouting for Boys in 1908, all Scouts and Guides around the world have taken a Scout (or Guide) Promise to live up to ideals of the movement. The Scout Promise has varied slightly over time and from country to country. Richard Miller, national chief executive of Scouts Australia, explained that in 2001 the Scout Promise was changed so that an individual had the option to omit reference to the Queen.

Miller said:

“As far as the promise is concerned, in 2001 we introduced an alternative promise which included a commitment to Australia. We answered to the needs of our members at a time when they wanted an option.”

Similarly, the change to the Girl Guides of Australia 40-year-old pledge to Queen and to God involved a survey of all 28,000 guides and leaders on changing their promise.

After 18 months of intensive consultation of Australia’s largest volunteer girls group, most of them girls between the ages of 10 and 14, it was agreed to drop the pledge of allegiance. The refreshed Girl Guides’ promise has its 28,000-strong group now promising to do their best “to be true to myself and develop my beliefs” rather than to “do my duty to God, to serve the Queen and my country“.
NSW Guides Commissioner Belinda Allen said:

“We are very much hopeful with the new wording to the promise that we’ll be seen as more inclusive and modern and relevant organisation and many more people will like to join us.”

In the new Girl Guide promise, ‘loyal’ has been replaced with ‘respect’ and ‘helpful’ replaced with ‘considerate’.

The old Guide Promise:

I promise that I will do my best:
To do my duty to God, to serve the Queen and my country;
To help other people; and
To keep the Guide Law.

The new Guide Promise:

I promise that I will do my best:
To be true to myself and develop my beliefs
To serve my community and Australia
And live by the Guide Law.

The modernisation of the Girl Guide pledge reflects Girl Guides desire to move with the times in the understanding that Australia is changing; it speaks of this nation seeking its own identity as part of being Australian.

The removal of the personal monogram of the oldest living descendant of Queen Victoria from the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award in Australia is another example of how the youth of Australia do not want to be confronted by any requirement to display fealty to royalty — a concept that not only has no place in modern Australia, but has actively decreased youth membership of Scouts Australia and Girl Guides Australia.

The Chicken Little’s in the monarchist coop have no reason to cluck on about ‘republicanism by stealth’. The significant changes occurring within Australia’s youth organisation’s is a reflection of their aspirations and values. For them, allegiance resides within their community and their country.

It seems my father and my hardy old Scout Leaders from north Queensland had the right idea all the time — it’s all about service to community and country, which at its core is grounded in the republican concept of virtue. It is here, within Australia, that virtue lays — not in a feudal castle over 9,000km away on the other side of the world.

Project Republic

It’s time for some straight talk about Australia’s future. We need a head of state who shares a genuine affinity with our country. True independence does not require us to relinquish affection for the Queen or downplay excitement about a royal birth or wedding. Rather it is a chance for national renewal, and to lend an Australian dignity to the highest office in the land. In short: to decide what kind of country we want to live in.

The Australian Republican Movement (ARM) has recently begun a new campaign aimed at restarting a conversation with Australians about who we are and what we can be.  The campaign, designed to get the republic back on the agenda, was successfully trialled in Tasmania, where it received the endorsement of the leaders of the three major parties, and was recently launched in New South Wales to a 350-strong crowd at a fundraiser with Malcolm Turnbull, Tom Keneally and Jane Caro.

Republic Clubs are forming on university campuses throughout Australia, with fundraisers, forums and stalls being held or scheduled in all states. With support from Tim Fischer to Malcolm Turnbull, Wayne Swan and Christine Milne, the ARM has been delighted with the public endorsements of the campaign across the political divide.

Benjamin Thomas Jones

Mark McKenna

On 3 June 2013 the ARM hosted the book launch of Project Republic, edited by Benjamin Thomas Jones and Mark McKenna, published by Black Inc Books. The book was officially launched at Parliament House, Canberra by then Federal Treasurer Wayne Swan and Shadow Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull. Featuring forewords by Malcolm Turnbull and Wayne Swan, Project Republic unites a range of passionate Australian voices to show why Australia must become a republic – and how we can get there from here. Contributors include Henry Reynolds, Thomas Keneally, Larissa Behrendt, John Hirst, Julian Morrow, Helen Irving, Mark Tredinnick, John Warhurst, David Morris, George Williams, Joy McCann, Erika Smith, Anthony Dillon, Paul Pickering, James Curran, David Donovan and George Winterton.  

At the book launch National Director of the Australian Republican Movement, David Morris, signalled a new, grass roots push to get the nation’s unfinished business and great bipartisan project – an Australian republic – on the agenda.

“Some say ‘just come up with a model, it’s all about how you select the Head of State, fix that and the rest will follow’. It’s the old top down approach that worked so well, never”, said Mr Morris.

“The Australian Republican Movement has learned from the past. We have learned from repeated examples of political leaders who thought they had clever policy initiatives all stitched up but then couldn’t implement them because they hadn’t adequately consulted. So we are listening to what Australians say.

“A fully independent Australia, a republic, has to be a grass roots celebration of being Australian. It must not be imposed from above, as the British monarchy is currently imposed upon us with no broad public consent. Something as fundamental as who we are and how we want to be seen in the world, has to start with a good old fashioned Aussie barbecue conversation.”

We need to turn the republic debate upside down, putting people first.

Here's a special offer to Australian Republican Movement members, a discount price  on the book everyone is talking about, Project Republic.